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Landscape history is the study of the way in which humanity has changed the physical appearance of the environment - both present and past. It is sometimes referred to as landscape archaeology. It was first recognised as a separate area of study during the 20th century and uses evidence and approaches from other disciplines including archaeology, architecture, ecology, aerial photography, local history and historical geography. ==Origin and scope== In England, landscape history emerged as an academic discipline following the publication of ''The Making of the English Landscape'' by W. G. Hoskins in 1955, although some topics that are now considered part of landscape history had been identified earlier. Darby,〔''Some Early Ideas on the Agricultural Regions of England'', in ''The Agricultural History Review'', 1954. http://www.bahs.org.uk/backnumbers/02fastview.pdf〕 for example, gives many early examples of regional characterisation of landscapes. Following Hoskins, landscape history expanded in various directions. There are published landscape histories of a number of English counties.〔J Hunter, ''The Essex Landscape'' is one example.〕 Other authors have studied the landscape at earlier periods.〔D Hooke, ''The Landscape of Anglo-Saxon England'' among others.〕 One productive avenue has been the study of specific landscape features such as fields, villages, and so on.〔J Morris, ''Churches in the Landscape'' is one of many with the title "... in the Landscape" or similar.〕 Managed woodland has been extensively studied by Oliver Rackham.〔for example, ''Trees & Woodland in the British Landscape''〕 The scope of landscape history ranges from specific individual features to areas covering hundreds of square miles.〔See article, references and bibliography at Ronald Daus's page〕 Topics studied by landscape historians include: *the form (morphology) of settlements - for example whether they are dispersed or nucleated; * the status of settlements - for example Anglo-Saxon multiple estates; *deserted medieval villages which provide evidence of earlier village forms; *field systems which can be used to date landscape features as well as illuminating earlier landscapes; *field boundaries or boundaries of larger units such as parishes or counties; *place-names which have been used to illustrate landscape features, particularly Anglo-Saxon place-names. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「landscape history」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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